For civil and military purposes, 1-50 kW open cathode and dead-end PEMFC stacks and systems with liquid or air cooling, and with metallic or composite graphite bipolar plates are being developed.
| Measurement & Performance Values | VSS-1 | VSS-5 |
| Height (mm) | 190 | 200 |
| Length (mm) | 150 | 150 |
| Width (mm) | 240 | 480 |
| Weight (kg) | 7.9 | 13.9 |
| Nominal Output Power (kW) | 1 | 5 |
| Output Voltage (V) | 5.5-9.5 | 25-50 |
| Max. Operation Temperature | 85˚C | 85˚C |
| Ambient Temperature | 2-70 ˚C | -30 – 70˚C |
| Gas pressure (bar) | <1.5 | <2.5 |
| Coolant pressure (bar) | Coolant should be supplied by high fuel or oxidant pressure over 0.1 bar. | |
| Humidification | Humidity should be supplied that does not allow condensation in the inlet. | |